An antenna is one electrical device that will do the converting of electrical powers into radio wave and also vice versa. This is often utilized with a radio receiver or radio transmitter. An antenna is one essential component for radio equipment. This is usually being used for communication receivers, radio broadcasting, radar, satellite communication, broadcast television, cell phones, and two way radios. Other devices are also using this such as the wireless computer networks, garage door openers, baby monitors, wireless microphones, RFID tags, and Bluetooth devices.
One type of this which is being used by the military is mono pole. This is consist of only one conductor like the metal rod which is mounted on the ground or in an artificial surface for conduction. An umbrella is one type of a mono pole which is used for military communications in long range. The production of these by military antenna manufacturers can be very useful for them.
The umbrella is a very large wire that transmits an antenna that is used for a VLF band. It is consist of a mast radiator tower which is attached to the top of multiple wires that are extending from a mast to the ground, just like a tent or an umbrella. And this is also insulated in its ends. It has a narrow bandwidth and may require large loading coils and low resistance of counterpoise ground.
Another type is array and its type that is utilized for military purposes, specifically for radar system and jamming system is the phased array. This is a higher gain antenna utilized for UHF and also for microwave frequencies that is steered electronically. It is consist of several dipoles in two dimensional arrays. Each dipole is fed through electric phase shifters that are being controlled by computer control systems.
Radio kites are the oldest types of antennas. These are utilized to carry radios in aloft, higher compared to practical mast. The kites are usually associated with the portable radio system and also utilized to increase radios range for naval ships. Usage of these have limitations due to difficulties in consistent height maintenance, unpredictable wind, and antenna, transmission, and reception improvements.
Ground is one important thing in the during the installation of these antennas. The height and electrical properties, and as well as the permittivity and conductivity are important. Also, in particular for the antennas in mono pole, the grounds are the return connection of current, and thus, having some effects to it.
For the low frequencies to high frequencies, the grounds behave as the lossy dialectrics. And thus, these will be characterized by the permittivity and conductivity. For a lower frequency, it acts as good conductor.
If the frequency is between 3 to 30 megahertz, a very large portion of energy from the horizontally polarized antennas will reflect on it. While the vertically polarized one will not be well reflected except for the grazing incidence. However, the reflection of grazing angles is in phase with direct waves.
The net qualities of reflection will be dependent on the surface topography. If there are some irregularities of surfaces that are smaller than wavelength, there is a specular reflection. But if irregularities are not small, the reflections are shifted by the random phases.
One type of this which is being used by the military is mono pole. This is consist of only one conductor like the metal rod which is mounted on the ground or in an artificial surface for conduction. An umbrella is one type of a mono pole which is used for military communications in long range. The production of these by military antenna manufacturers can be very useful for them.
The umbrella is a very large wire that transmits an antenna that is used for a VLF band. It is consist of a mast radiator tower which is attached to the top of multiple wires that are extending from a mast to the ground, just like a tent or an umbrella. And this is also insulated in its ends. It has a narrow bandwidth and may require large loading coils and low resistance of counterpoise ground.
Another type is array and its type that is utilized for military purposes, specifically for radar system and jamming system is the phased array. This is a higher gain antenna utilized for UHF and also for microwave frequencies that is steered electronically. It is consist of several dipoles in two dimensional arrays. Each dipole is fed through electric phase shifters that are being controlled by computer control systems.
Radio kites are the oldest types of antennas. These are utilized to carry radios in aloft, higher compared to practical mast. The kites are usually associated with the portable radio system and also utilized to increase radios range for naval ships. Usage of these have limitations due to difficulties in consistent height maintenance, unpredictable wind, and antenna, transmission, and reception improvements.
Ground is one important thing in the during the installation of these antennas. The height and electrical properties, and as well as the permittivity and conductivity are important. Also, in particular for the antennas in mono pole, the grounds are the return connection of current, and thus, having some effects to it.
For the low frequencies to high frequencies, the grounds behave as the lossy dialectrics. And thus, these will be characterized by the permittivity and conductivity. For a lower frequency, it acts as good conductor.
If the frequency is between 3 to 30 megahertz, a very large portion of energy from the horizontally polarized antennas will reflect on it. While the vertically polarized one will not be well reflected except for the grazing incidence. However, the reflection of grazing angles is in phase with direct waves.
The net qualities of reflection will be dependent on the surface topography. If there are some irregularities of surfaces that are smaller than wavelength, there is a specular reflection. But if irregularities are not small, the reflections are shifted by the random phases.
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